15 Contoh Soal SNBT 2023, Materi Literasi Bahasa Inggris Lengkap dengan Kunci Jawaban dan Pembahasan

Paragraf tiga menjelaskan masalah yang muncul dari penggunaan teknologi di industri ritel.

Berdasarkan ide pokok tersebut, dapat dipahami bahwa ide pokok dari bacaan adalah transformasi digital pada industri ritel, atau bisa dimaknai dengan digitalisasi bisnis ritel untuk mendorong peningkatannya atau bisa dimaknai dengan peningkatan fungsi dari sistem yang sudah ada pada industri ritel dengan teknologi. Dengan demikian, pilihan C tepat. 

The questions number 4 - 6 are based on the following passage.

Television was once the newest technology in our homes, and then came videos and computers. Today’s children are growing up in a rapidly changing digital age that is far different from their parents. A variety of technologies are all around us in our homes, offices, and schools. When used wisely, technology and media can support learning children’s relationships both with adults and their peers.

Based on some evidence by research, there has never been a more important time to apply principles of development and learning when considering the use of cutting-edge technologies and new media as the so-called interactive media. Interactive media refers to digital and analog materials, including software programs, applications (apps), some children’s television programming, e-books, the Internet, and other forms of content designed to facilitate active and creative use by young children and to encourage social engagement with other children and adults.

When the integration of technology and interactive media in early childhood programs is built upon solid developmental foundations, and early childhood professionals are aware of both the challenges and the opportunities, educators are positioned to improve program quality by intentionally leveraging the potential of technology and media for the benefit of every child.

This statement provides guidance for early childhood educators about the use of technology and interactive media in ways that can optimize opportunities for young children’s development. In this statement, the definition of technology tools encompasses a broad range of digital devices such as computers, tablets, multi-touch screens, interactive whiteboards, mobile devices, cameras, audio recorders, electronic toys, games, e-book readers, and older analog devices still being used such as tape recorders, record and cassette players, projectors, and microscopes.

By appropriately and intentionally using the technology of his day—broadcast television—to connect with each individual child and with parents and families, it demonstrated the positive potential of using technology and media in ways that are grounded in principles of child development.

4. How does the second sentence relate to the first sentence in paragraph 2?

A. It shows the importance of interactive media to children’s lives

B. It argues that interactive media include digital materials only

C. It explains the definition and examples of interactive media

D. It states that the children and adults nowadays are familiar with digital technology

E. It shows that interactive media can support social engagement among adults

Jawaban: C. It explains the definition and examples of interactive media

Pembahasan:

Soal tersebut menanyakan hubungan kalimat pertama dan kedua pada paragraf kedua.

Kalimat pertama menjelaskan pentingnya menerapkan aturan-aturan pembelajaran ketika mulai menggunakan teknologi baru dalam pembelajaran, yaitu media interaktif. Kalimat kedua menjelaskan bahwa media interaktif mengacu pada materi digital dan analog, termasuk program perangkat lunak, aplikasi, beberapa program televisi anak-anak, e-book, internet, dan bentuk konten lain yang dirancang untuk memfasilitasi penggunaan aktif dan kreatif oleh anak-anak muda dan untuk mendorong keterlibatan sosial dengan anak-anak lain dan orang dewasa.

Berdasarkan hal tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kalimat kedua menjelaskan definisi dan contoh media interaktif yang disebutkan di kalimat pertama.

5. The author would apparently agree on the idea that.....

A. digital media can harm learning and relationships

B. technology provides children with enjoyable experiences

C. technology may bring more good than harm when it is used wisely

D. technology can influence the relationships between children and their friends

E. technology minimizes the potential for children’s learning and engagement with others

Jawaban: C. technology may bring more good than harm when it is used wisely

Pembahasan:

Soal tersebut menanyakan kesimpulan tersirat penulis menurut teks tersebut.

Berdasarkan paragraf ketiga (educators are positioned to improve program quality by intentionally leveraging the potential of technology and media for the benefit of every child), paragraf keempat (the use of technology and interactive media in ways that can optimize opportunities for young children’s development), dan paragraf kelima (it is demonstrated the positive potential of using technology and media in ways that are grounded in principles of child development), dapat disimpulkan bahwa penulis mengungkapkan tentang penggunaan teknologi yang jika digunakan secara bijak, dapat membantu dan mengoptimalkan perkembangan anak.

Dengan demikian, kesimpulan tersirat yang tepat adalah teknologi membawa lebih banyak kebaikan daripada kerugian jika digunakan secara bijak.

6. The author holds the assumption that.....

A. any forms of content designed to facilitate creative children to learn will challenge them

B. interactive media are any kind of media that include hardware and artifacts of education

C. the integration of technology and interactive media in childhood programs leads to improved program quality

D. applying principles of development and learning of children is secondary in the use of the interactive media

E. technology and media can be used to facilitate learning and establish better relationships with other children and adults

Jawaban: E. technology and media can be used to facilitate learning and establish better relationships with other children and adults

Pembahasan:

Soal tersebut menanyakan asumsi penulis.

Berdasarkan kalimat By appropriately and intentionally using the technology of this day—broadcast television—to connect with each individual child and with parents and families, it demonstrated the positive potential of using technology and media in ways that are grounded in principles of child development, dapat disimpulkan bahwa menggunakan teknologi dengan tepat dan ditujukan untuk terhubung dengan setiap anak dengan orangtua dan keluarganya, menunjukkan potensi positif penggunaan teknologi dan media dengan cara yang didasarkan pada prinsip-prinsip perkembangan anak.

Dengan demikian, penulis berasumsi bahwa teknologi dan media dapat digunakan untuk memfasilitasi pembelajaran dan menciptakan hubungan dengan anak-anak lain serta orang dewasa. Oleh karena itu, pilihan E tepat.

The questions number 7 - 9 are based on the following passage.

Supply chain weaknesses were brought to the forefront during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially for industries relying on electronics, as the flow of raw materials slowed or sometimes stopped. On top of that, shifting consumer values and tougher environmental regulations have resulted in more people buying hybrid vehicles. The batteries in these cars require rare metals that, depending on their supplies, can have volatile and unpredictable prices. However, there are other scarce elements and materials that may be used in smaller amounts in hybrid models versus conventional gas vehicles, raising the question of how these vehicles really compare with regard to supply chain vulnerabilities. Randolph Kirchain and colleagues wanted to develop a comprehensive comparison of the elements and compounds that go into all the parts in gas-powered, self-charging hybrid and plug-in hybrid cars, calculating each of the three vehicles' materials cost vulnerability.

The researchers collected information on the compounds in the more than 350,000 parts used to build seven vehicles from the same manufacturer with different levels of electrification, including four sedans and three sport utility vehicles (SUVs). Then, they calculated the amount of the 76 chemical elements present, as well as a few other materials, in each car type. To develop a monetary metric for vulnerability, the team considered the weight of each component, along with its average price and price volatility between 1998 and 2015. The results showed that self-charging hybrid and plug-in hybrid vehicles have twice the raw material cost risks. The largest contributors to the increase in cost risks were battery-related elements, such as cobalt, nickel, graphite and neodymium. The researchers say that as manufacturers ramp up electric vehicle production to meet demand, reducing raw material cost risks with long-term supplier contracts, substituting some materials or recycling others will be a good idea.

7. According to the passage, due to the raw components, the buyers will find a hybrid vehicle.....

A. pricey

B. exorbitant

C. invaluable

D. overpriced

E. economical

Jawaban: A. pricey

Pembahasan:

Soal tersebut menanyakan informasi yang tepat tentang pendapat pembeli mengenai mobil hibrida berdasarkan bahan bakunya.

Informasi yang menunjukkan bahan baku mobil hibrida terdapat di paragraf kedua. Pada paragraf tersebut, disampaikan bahwa menurut penelitian, komponen kendaraan hibrida berharga tinggi (The results showed that self-charging hybrid and plug-in hybrid vehicles have twice the raw material cost risks.).

Dengan demikian, dapat diketahui bahwa ketika orang-orang membeli kendaraan hibrida, mereka akan mendapati produk tersebut berharga tinggi sehingga pilihan A tepat.

8. How does the author organize the ideas in paragraph 1 and 2?

A. Paragraph 2 exemplifies issues stated in paragraph 1.

B. Paragraph 2 contains a solution to the issue addressed in paragraph 1.

C. Paragraph 2 asserts the weakness of hybrid vehicles explained in paragraph 1.

D. Paragraph 2 reveals the reasons behind the research on vehicles introduced in paragraph 1.

E. Paragraph 2 explains further about research on gas-powered and hybrid vehicles mentioned in paragraph 1.

Jawaban: E. Paragraph 2 explains further about research on gas-powered and hybrid vehicles mentioned in paragraph 1.

Pembahasan:

Soal tersebut menanyakan kaitan antara paragraf 1 dan paragraf 2 pada teks.

Paragraf 1 membahas tentang upaya penelitian untuk membandingkan komponen mobil berbahan bakar minyak dengan mobil hibrida. Penelitian ini didasarkan ketidakjelasan dampak yang diberikan kedua jenis kendaraan tersebut terhadap kerentanan rantai pasokan elektronik. Sementara itu, paragraf 2 menjabarkan bagaimana penelitian tersebut dilaksanakan. Dengan demikian, paragraf 2 menjelaskan lebih lanjut tentang penelitian yang disebutkan pada paragraf 1 sehingga pilihan E tepat.

9. Which of the following best restates the underlined sentence in the first paragraph?

A. Stricter environmental laws and changing consumer behavior have impacted how people buy hybrid vehicles.

B. Changing consumption patterns and stricter environmental laws have deceived hybrid vehiclebuyers.

C. Hybrid vehicle users have been disappointed by environmental rules and eco-friendly vehicle trend.

D. Stricter environmental rules and changing market trends have urged people to use hybrid vehicles.

E. Consumer values and tougher environmental rules reduce the purchase of hybrid vehicles.

Jawaban: D. Stricter environmental rules and changing market trends have urged people to use hybrid vehicles.

Pembahasan:

Soal tersebut menanyakan parafrasa yang tepat untuk kalimat yang digarisbawahi pada paragraf 1.

Terjemahan kalimat yang bergaris bawah adalah  'Selain itu, pergeseran perilaku konsumen dan peraturan lingkungan yang lebih ketat telah mengakibatkan lebih banyak orang membeli kendaraan hibrida.'

Kalimat bermakna sama dengan kalimat tersebut adalah Stricter environmental rules and changing market trends have urged people to use hybrid vehicles, yang terjemahannya adalah 'Peraturan lingkungan yang lebih ketat dan tren pasar yang berubah telah mendorong orang untuk menggunakan kendaraan hibrida.'. Dengan demikian, pilihan D tepat.

The questions number 10 - 12 are based on the following passage.

In the US, consumers spend around $700 million a year keeping their fabrics soft. In the UK people spend £200 million a year on fabric softener. A giant manufacturer even claims a massive 50 percent share of the market. Despite the popularity, fabric softeners can be harmful to both the people who use them and the marine life that ends up swimming in them.

Fabric softening surfactants can be derived from animals, plants or minerals, as in the case of newer, silicone-based formulations. There is little difference between the chemicals used in fabric softeners and those used in hair conditioners. Whatever they are based on, all fabric softeners work in pretty much the same way, by depositing these surfactants onto the fabric to make it feel softer, reduce static cling, and impart a fresh fragrance.

Special fixatives in the mix of both standard and luxury conditioners mean that the fragrance can last for days, permeating wardrobes and drawers. The regular off-gassing of perfume chemicals from fabric softeners can be a significant trigger for asthma and other breathing problems. In the US, chemically sensitive individuals complain that, even after several washes, they cannot get the smell of fabric softeners out of their washing machines and dryers.

If you are a fabric softener addict, there are now a number of companies that provide alternative and ‘green’ fabric softeners. However, essentially, these are unnecessary products that can trigger health problems and can interfere with the functional aspect of some textiles. For instance, when used on towels and nappies, some fabric softeners can reduce absorbency, which is why it’s generally recommended that reusable nappies aren’t washed with them. Once they are washed down the drain they can become highly toxic to aquatic life. Given this, maybe it’s worth asking yourself whether the time has come to break the fabric softener habit completely.

10. What does the passage mainly talk about?

A. The downside of fabric softener usage

B. The popularity of fabric softener in the US

C. Harmful compounds found in fabric softener

D. Controlling the habit of using fabric softener

E. Environmental issues caused by fabric softener

Jawaban: A. The downside of fabric softener usage

Pembahasan:

Soal menanyakan gagasan utama dari teks. Untuk menentukan gagasan utama keseluruhan teks, gagasan utama dari setiap paragraf perlu dipahami terlebih dulu.

Paragraf 1 menyampaikan bahwa meskipun banyak digunakan, pelembut kain bisa berbahaya bagi orang yang menggunakannya dan kehidupan laut.

Paragraf 2 membahas mengenai senyawa kimia (surfaktan) yang terkandung dalam pelembut kain dan caranya bekerja.

Paragraf 3 membahas wewangian pada pelembut kain yang dapat menjadi pemicu yang signifikan masalah pernapasan.

Paragraf 4 membahas tentang penggunaan pelembut kain yang dianggap tidak perlu karena membahayakan kesehatan manusia dan kehidupan laut.

Secara keseluruhan, dapat dipahami bahwa gagasan utama teks tersebut adalah sisi negatif dari penggunaan pelembut kain seperti gangguan pernafasan dan potensi kerusakan di kehidupan laut. Dengan demikian, pilihan A tepat.

11. The word permeating in the third paragraph is similar in meaning with…..

A. filling

B. soaking

C. charging

D. attaining

E. absorbing

Jawaban: A. filling

Pembahasan:

Soal tersebut menanyakan kata yang maknanya sama dengan kata permeating.

Kata permeating terdapat pada paragraf ketiga kalimat pertama, yang artinya 'Fiksatif khusus dalam campuran kondisioner standar dan mewah yang berarti bahwa wewangian dapat bertahan selama berhari-hari, permeating lemari dan laci'. Jika wangi dalam bertahan lama, maka dapat dipahami jika wangi tersebut sudah mengisi atau meresap ke dalam lemari dan laci. Kata permeating memiliki arti 'meresap' sehingga kata dengan makna yang serupa adalah filling (mengisi). Dengan demikian, pilihan A tepat.

Sementara itu, kata soaking memiliki arti 'merendam'; charging memiliki arti 'mengisi'; attaining memiliki arti 'mencapai'; absorbing memiliki arti 'menyerap' sehingga pilihan lainnya tidak tepat.

12. Based on the passage, it can be hypothesized that…..

A. 'Green' softeners are developed in response to the needs of fabric softener addicts.

B. Manufactures will shift to producing 'green' fabric softener products.

C. A small amount of fabric softener chemicals in the water will not harm aquatic life.

D. The absorbency in some textiles will be reduced if they are washed with fabric softeners.

E. People with breathing problems will feel safer using fabric softener if it contains fewer perfume chemicals.

Jawaban: E. People with breathing problems will feel safer using fabric softener if it contains fewer perfume chemicals.

Pembahasan:

Soal tersebut menanyakan hipotesis atau kesimpulan sementara yang bisa dibuat berdasarkan teks tersebut. Kesimpulan tersebut masih perlu dibuktikan kebenarannya melalui penelitian.

Pilihan E (Orang dengan masalah pernapasan akan merasa lebih aman menggunakan pelembut kain jika mengandung lebih sedikit bahan kimia parfum.) tepat. Pada paragraf 3 dijelaskan bahwa bahan kimia parfum dari pelembut kain dapat menjadi pemicu asma dan masalah pernafasan lainnya. Dari pernyataan ini dapat dibuat hipotesis (kesimpulan sementara), yaitu jika pelembut kain mengandung lebih sedikit bahan kimia parfum, maka akan memperkecil kemungkinan timbulnya masalah pernafasan sehingga membuat mereka yang memiliki masalah pernafasan akan merasa lebih aman menggunakannya.

The questions number 13 - 15 are based on the following passage.

Infection caused by a bacterial organism (called Chlamydophila felis) is feline Chlamydial conjunctivitis. The most common signs of chlamydia in cats involve the eyes or upper respiratory tract (nose or throat), and only if the infection is left untreated does it spread to the lungs. Because chlamydia lives inside the body’s cells and cannot survive long in the environment, the spread of infection depends on direct or close contact with an infected cat. After infection, the incubation period (time between infection and development of clinical signs of disease) is between three and ten days.

The bacteria mainly infect the conjunctiva, which is the delicate membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the edges of the eyeball. The infection causes inflammation known as conjunctivitis. In a normal cat, the conjunctiva is not easily visible and is a pale salmon pink. Cats with conjunctivitis, the conjunctiva becomes swollen and red making it more very visible. The nictitating membrane or third eyelid at the inner corner of the eye may protrude partially in the eye. One or both eyes may be involved.

Affected cats initially have a watery discharge from the eye that quickly becomes thicker and is usually yellow or greenish in color. Eye discomfort and cats often cover the affected eye. Many cats remain bright and appear normal, but some may develop a fever or lose their appetite. After a day or two, runny nose and sneezing may also occur. In kittens, the infection can spread to the lungs and cause fatal pneumonia.

13. What does the text mainly deal with?

A. The process of chlamydia affliction in cats

B. The symptoms of feline chlamydial conjunctivitis

C. Clinical signs of feline chlamydial conjunctivitis

D. An overview of feline chlamydial conjunctivitis

E. Treatments for cats with chlamydia conjunctivitis

Jawaban: D. An overview of feline chlamydial conjunctivitis

Pembahasan: Pertanyaan terkait dengan topik utama yang tercakup dalam teks bacaan. Tema utama teks dapat disimpulkan dari informasi yang disampaikan dalam paragraf.

Paragraf pertama mendefinisikan konjungtivitis klamidia kucing, organ yang menjadi targetnya, bagaimana penyebarannya, dan masa inkubasi.

Paragraf kedua menjelaskan proses infeksi bakteri dan konsekuensinya.

Paragraf ketiga menjelaskan gejala kucing dengan penyakit tersebut.

Topik utama teks adalah topik yang mencakup semua informasi ini dan dari lima pilihan jawaban yang tersedia, pilihan jawaban yang mencakup semua poin informasi di atas adalah gambaran umum konjungtivitis klamidia kucing, jadi jawaban D benar.

14. In the second paragraph, the word inflammation most nearly means…..

A. Swelling

B. Scrape

C. Soreness

D. Rash

E. Bruise

Jawaban: A. Swelling

Pembahasan: Pertanyaannya menanyakan kata mana yang paling dekat dengan kata peradangan.

Kata inflamasi terdapat pada paragraf 2 kalimat 2, yaitu infeksi penyebab inflamasi yang dikenal dengan konjungtivitis, yang artinya: “Radang yang menyebabkan inflamasi disebut juga konjungtivitis”.

Untuk menentukan infeksi yang dimaksud, lihat kalimat sebelumnya. Kalimat ini menjelaskan bahwa infeksi tersebut adalah konjungtivitis yang disebabkan oleh bakteri.

Kalimat 3 menjelaskan konjungtivitis (konjungtivitis) yang membuat konjungtiva menjadi merah dan kental.

Dengan kata lain, infeksi ini menyebabkan pembengkakan, maka kata peradangan berarti “bengkak”. Kata yang memiliki arti berikut adalah swelling.

Kata rash artinya “letusan”, contusion artinya “memar”, scratch artinya “goresan”, dan pain artinya “nyeri”.

15. One of the symptoms of feline chlamydial conjunctivitis is…..

A. Eating Disorder

B. Laboured Breathing

C. Low Body Temperature

D. Dysfunctional Eye Membrane

E. Abnormal Eye Discharge

Jawaban: E. Abnormal Eye Discharge

Pembahasan:

Pertanyaannya menyangkut salah satu gejala konjungtivitis klamidia pada kucing.

Informasi tersebut dapat ditemukan di paragraf kedua dan terakhir.

Kedua paragraf tersebut menjelaskan bahwa kucing yang terkena penyakit ini memiliki gejala seperti kelopak mata merah dan bengkak, selaput nitrit yang menonjol, keluarnya cairan mata berwarna kuning atau hijau yang cepat mengental, demam, kehilangan nafsu makan, bersin dan hidung meler.

Di antara lima pilihan yang ada, kotoran mata yang tidak normal (abnormal eye discharge) adalah yang sesuai dengan informasi. Jadi, pilihan E benar.

(cr31/tribun-medan.com)

Caption: Contoh soal literasi Bahasa Inggris SNBT 2023